Cooperation between respiratory therapists and other healthcare professionals Essays

Cooperation between respiratory therapists and other healthcare professionals Essays Cooperation between respiratory therapists and other healthcare professionals Paper Cooperation between respiratory therapists and other healthcare professionals Paper Introduction Amitav Acharya is Nanyang Technological University’s head of research at the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, where he is also a professor. John McFarlane has had a long and successful career in the banking industry having been the head of Standard chartered Group and Citibank, retiring after having been chief executive for Australia’s Australia and New Zealand Banking Group. John Mcfarlane identified the following issues as being key in the context of Transactional criminal networks. Challenges facing law enforcement in fighting transactional criminal networks Traditional vs Non traditional hierarchical structures Mcfarlane noted that whereas in the traditionally most organizations had a hierarchical structure, that is there was a concentration of command, modern day organized crime has taken to specialization and the use of cells. This has gone further to the point that each cell has a specific function and are of specialization and separate cells are used for different jobs which facilitates concentration of skills and talents, making the law enforcement to have to cover several jurisdictions, complicating it to a large extent. Efficiency Focus has also shifted from the commodity that is being trafficked, or the service that is being provided, but rather the ability of the criminal organization to carryout these activities in the most efficiently and with minimal risk in of detection, while maximizing the profits that accrue from these activities. Investments of profits in legitimate businesses As opposed to the past trends, where the monies generated from criminal activities were used for lavish lifestyles, modern criminals are investing their money in legitimate businesses. Barriers to cooperation on countering transactional criminal networks Corruption ­ In the event that corruption exists within any law enforcement agency, they will be quite unwilling to share information, as they fear exposure. Economic considerations Both industrialized and developing countries tend to concentrate their efforts more towards trade and economic issues at the expense of developing ways to deal with crime. Nationalism and intergovernmental mistrust   Refers to the disagreement that may arise due to differing economic abilities of the states concerned wherein they may agree on matters of security but differ on economic issues. State complicity   Some states, especially the emerging markets, benefit marginally from the lawlessness and may therefore sabotage efforts to establish regional co-operation. Imperatives Global co-operation against terrorism ­Ã‚ ­ Most notable in the global fight against transactional criminal networks is the United Nations, which has formulated several tool and policy instruments in this regard. One such document is the United Nations Convention Against Transactional Crime of 2000. This resolution aims at cut the terrorists’ access to funding, weapons and safety by increasing cooperation between the UN and it member states. Regional multilateral cooperation against terrorism   Several discussion forums in the Asia – Pacific region have been formulated to deal with the barriers that were mentioned above. Some of the organizations include the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC). These bodies are engaged in the development of policies and strategies that will ensure that legal impediments to cooperation in fighting transactional crime networks are all straightened out and eliminated. They are also responsible for formulating and implementing policies that will ensure that the ASEAN states approach security threats regionally rather than individually thereby ensuring minimal overlapping and other problems associated with intergovernmental and interagency law enforcement. Reference McFarlane, John. (2004), Regional and International Cooperation in Tackling Transnational Crime, Terrorism and the Problems of Disrupte. Viewed on 13th March, 2008 at   URL: essex.ac.uk/ECpR/standinggroups/crime/members_files/mcfarlane.pdf. I am giving you a   shorter and less involving task today. I am expecting iot today. Use 275 words per page, 2 pages, 1 source and tutabian style. Istructions:: In Acharya text, John McFarlane examines the topic of Cooperation on Countering Transnational Criminal Networks in the Asia -Pacific. in Chapter 10, pp. 219-236. Please elaborate on the issue and evaluate TWO imperatives to be addressed in the context of multilateral cooperation at the regional level.